Manual: usb_modeswitch
USB_MODESWITCH(1) General Commands Manual USB_MODESWITCH(1)
NAME
usb_modeswitch - control the mode of 'multi-state' USB devices
SYNOPSIS
usb_modeswitch [-heWQDIvpVPmM23rwKdHSOBGTNALnsRiuagft] [-c filename]
DESCRIPTION
Several new USB devices have their proprietary Windows drivers onboard, most of them WWAN and WLAN dongles. When
plugged in for the first time, they act like a flash storage and start installing the Windows driver from there. If
the driver is installed, it makes the storage device disappear and a new device, mainly composite (e.g. with modem
ports), shows up.
On Linux, in most cases the drivers are available as kernel modules, such as "usbserial" or "option". However, the
device initially binds to "usb-storage" by default. usb_modeswitch can then send a provided bulk message (most likely
a mass storage command) to the device; this message has to be determined by analyzing the actions of the Windows dri‐
ver.
In some cases, USB control commands are used for switching. These cases are handled by custom functions, and no bulk
message needs to be provided.
Usually, the program is distributed with a set of configurations for many known devices, which allows a fully auto‐
matic handling of a device upon insertion, made possible by combining usb_modeswitch with the wrapper script usb_mod‐
eswitch_dispatcher which is launched by the udev daemon. This requires a Linux-flavoured system though.
Note that usb_modeswitch itself has no specific Linux dependencies.
OPTIONS
This program follows the usual GNU command line syntax, with long options starting with two dashes ('--'). A summary
of options is included below.
-h --help Show summary of options.
-e --version
Print version information and exit
-v --default-vendor NUM
Vendor ID to look for (mandatory), usually given as hex number (example: 0x12d1). Each USB device is iden‐
tified by a number officially assigned to the vendor by the USB association and a number for the respective
model (product ID) chosen by the vendor
-p --default-product NUM
Product ID to look for (mandatory)
-V --target-vendor NUM
Target vendor ID. When given will be searched for and detected initially for information purposes. If suc‐
cess checking (option -s) is active, providing target IDs (vendor/product) or target class is recommended
-j --find-mbim
Return configuration number with MBIM interface and exit.
-P --target-product NUM
Target product ID
-b --bus-num NUM
-g --device-num NUM
If bus and device number are provided, the handling of a specific device on a specific USB port is guaran‐
teed, in contrast to using only the USB ID. This is important if there are multiple similar devices on a
system
-C --target-class NUM
Target Device Class according to the USB specification. Some devices keep their original vendor/product ID
after successful switching. To prevent them from being treated again, the device class can be checked. For
unswitched devices it is always 8 (storage class), for switched modems it is often 0xff (vendor specific).
In composite modes, the class of the first interface is watched
-m --message-endpoint NUM
A specific endpoint to use for data transfers. Only for testing purposes; usually endpoints are determined
from the device attributes
-M --message-content STRING
A bulk message to send as a switching command. Provided as a hexadecimal string
-2 --message-content2 STRING
-3 --message-content3 STRING
Additional bulk messages to send as switching commands. Provided as hexadecimal strings. When used with
mass storage commands, setting --need-response is strongly advised to comply with specifications and to
avoid likely errors
-w --release-delay
After issuing all bulk messages, wait for the given time before releasing the interface. Required for some
modems on older systems (especially after an EJECT message)
-n --need-response
Obsolete. CSW is always attempted to being read after mass storage transfers. No downside
-r --response-endpoint NUM
Try to read the response to a storage command from there. Only for testing purposes; usually endpoints are
determined from the device attributes
-K --std-eject
Apply the standard SCSI sequence of "Allow Medium Removal" and "Eject". Implies -n. One 'Message' can be
added with -M that will be transmitted after the eject sequence. Used by many modems
-d --detach-only
Just detach the current driver. This is sufficient for some early devices to switch successfully. Otherwise
this feature can be used as a 'scalpel' for special cases, like separating the driver from individual in‐
terfaces
-H --huawei-mode
Send a special control message used by older Huawei devices
-J --huawei-new-mode
Send a specific bulk message used by all newer Huawei devices
-X --huawei-alt-mode
Send an alternative bulk message to Huawei devices
-S --sierra-mode
Send a special control message used by Sierra devices
-G --gct-mode
Send a special control message used by GCT chipsets
-T --kobil-mode
Send a special control message used by Kobil devices
-N --sequans-mode
Send a special control message used by Sequans chipset
-A --mobileaction-mode
Send a special control message used by the MobileAction device
-B --qisda-mode
Send a special control message used by Qisda devices
-E --quanta-mode
Send a special control message used by Quanta devices
-F --pantech-mode NUM
Send a special control message used by Pantech devices. Value NUM will be used in control message as
'wValue'
-Z --blackberry-mode
Send a special control message used by some newer Blackberry devices
-S --option-mode
Send a special control message used by all Option devices
-O --sony-mode
Apply a special sequence used by Sony Ericsson devices. Implies option --check-success
-L --cisco-mode
Send a sequence of bulk messages used by Cisco devices
-R --reset-usb
Send a USB reset command to the device. Can be combined with any switching method or stand alone. It is al‐
ways done as the last step of all device interactions. Few devices need it to complete the switching;
apart from that it may be useful during testing
-c --config-file FILENAME
Use a specific config file. If any ID or switching options are given as command line parameters, this op‐
tion is ignored. In that case all mandatory parameters have to be provided on the command line
-f --long-config STRING
Provide device details in config file syntax as a multiline string on the command line
-t --stdinput
Read the device details in config file syntax from standard input, e.g. redirected from a command pipe
(multiline text)
-Q --quiet
Don't show progress or error messages
-W --verbose
Print all settings before running and show libusb debug messages
-D --sysmode
Changes the behaviour of the program slightly. A success message including the effective target device ID
is put out and a syslog notice is issued. Mainly for integration with a wrapper script
-s --check-success
After switching, keep checking for the result up to the given time. If target IDs or target class were pro‐
vided, their appearance indicates certain success. Otherwise the disconnection of the original device is
rated as likely proof
-I --inquire
Obsolete. Formerly obtained SCSI attributes, now ignored
-i --interface NUM
Select initial USB interface (default: 0). Only for testing purposes
-u --configuration NUM
Select USB configuration (applied after any other possible switching actions)
-a --altsetting NUM
Select alternative USB interface setting (applied after switching). Mainly for testing
AUTHOR
This manual page was originally written by Didier Raboud (didier@raboud.com) for the Debian system. Additions made by
Josua Dietze. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Gen‐
eral Public License, Version 2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.
The complete text of the current GNU General Public License can be found in http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txt
USB_MODESWITCH(1)