Manual: gnuod

OD(1)							User Commands						       OD(1)

NAME
       od - dump files in octal and other formats

SYNOPSIS
       od [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       od [-abcdfilosx]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]
       od --traditional [OPTION]... [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b]]

DESCRIPTION
       Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE to standard output.	 With more than one FILE ar‐
       gument, concatenate them in the listed order to form the input.

       With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

       If  first  and  second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed if the last operand begins with + or (if
       there are 2 operands) a digit.  An OFFSET operand means -j  OFFSET.   LABEL  is	the  pseudo-address  at	 first	byte
       printed,	 incremented  when dump is progressing.	 For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal; suf‐
       fixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -A, --address-radix=RADIX
	      output format for file offsets; RADIX is one of [doxn], for Decimal, Octal, Hex or None

       --endian={big|little}
	      swap input bytes according the specified order

       -j, --skip-bytes=BYTES
	      skip BYTES input bytes first

       -N, --read-bytes=BYTES
	      limit dump to BYTES input bytes

       -S BYTES, --strings[=BYTES]
	      show only NUL terminated strings of at least BYTES (3) printable characters

       -t, --format=TYPE
	      select output format or formats

       -v, --output-duplicates
	      do not use * to mark line suppression

       -w[BYTES], --width[=BYTES]
	      output BYTES bytes per output line; 32 is implied when BYTES is not specified

       --traditional
	      accept arguments in third form above

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
	      output version information and exit

   Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:
       -a     same as -t a,  select named characters, ignoring high-order bit

       -b     same as -t o1, select octal bytes

       -c     same as -t c,  select printable characters or backslash escapes

       -d     same as -t u2, select unsigned decimal 2-byte units

       -f     same as -t fF, select floats

       -i     same as -t dI, select decimal ints

       -l     same as -t dL, select decimal longs

       -o     same as -t o2, select octal 2-byte units

       -s     same as -t d2, select decimal 2-byte units

       -x     same as -t x2, select hexadecimal 2-byte units

   TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:
       a      named character, ignoring high-order bit

       c      printable character or backslash escape

       d[SIZE]
	      signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       f[SIZE]
	      floating point, SIZE bytes per float

       o[SIZE]
	      octal, SIZE bytes per integer

       u[SIZE]
	      unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       x[SIZE]
	      hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer

       SIZE is a number.  For TYPE in [doux], SIZE may also be C for sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or
       L for sizeof(long).  If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be  B  for  Brain  16  bit,  H	for  Half  precision  float,  F	 for
       sizeof(float), D for sizeof(double), or L for sizeof(long double).

       Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the end of each output line.

   BYTES is hex with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix:
       b      512

       KB     1000

       K      1024

       MB     1000*1000

       M      1024*1024

       and so on for G, T, P, E, Z, Y, R, Q.  Binary prefixes can be used, too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

EXAMPLES
       od -A x -t x1z -v
	      Display hexdump format output

       od -A o -t oS -w16
	      The default output format used by od

AUTHOR
       Written by Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
       GNU coreutils online help: 
       Report any translation bugs to 

SEE ALSO
       Full documentation 
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) od invocation'

       Packaged by Ubuntu (9.7-3ubuntu2)
       Copyright © 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

GNU coreutils 9.7					January 2026						       OD(1)