Manual: fuser

FUSER(1)						User Commands						    FUSER(1)

NAME
       fuser - identify processes using files or sockets

SYNOPSIS
       fuser [-fuv] [-a|-s] [-4|-6] [-c|-m|-n space] [ -k [-i] [-M] [-w] [-SIGNAL] ] name ...
       fuser -l
       fuser -V

DESCRIPTION
       fuser  displays	the  PIDs of processes using the specified files or file systems.  In the default display mode, each
       file name is followed by a letter denoting the type of access:

	      c	     current directory.
	      e	     executable being run.
	      f	     open file.	 f is omitted in default display mode.
	      F	     open file for writing.  F is omitted in default display mode.
	      r	     root directory.
	      m	     mmap'ed file or shared library.
	      .	     Placeholder, omitted in default display mode.

       fuser returns a non-zero return code if none of the specified files is accessed or in case of a fatal error.   If  at
       least one access has been found, fuser returns zero.

       In  order to look up processes using TCP and UDP sockets, the corresponding name space has to be selected with the -n
       option. By default fuser will look in both IPv6 and IPv4 sockets.  To change the default behavior, use the -4 and  -6
       options.	  The  socket(s)  can be specified by the local and remote port, and the remote address.  All fields are op‐
       tional, but commas in front of missing fields must be present:

       [lcl_port][,[rmt_host][,[rmt_port]]]

       Either symbolic or numeric values can be used for IP addresses and port numbers.

       fuser outputs only the PIDs to stdout, everything else is sent to stderr.

OPTIONS
       -a, --all
	      Show all files specified on the command line.  By default, only files  that  are	accessed  by  at  least	 one
	      process are shown.

       -c     Same as -m option, used for POSIX compatibility.

       -f     Silently ignored, used for POSIX compatibility.

       -k, --kill
	      Kill  processes  accessing  the  file.   Unless changed with -SIGNAL, SIGKILL is sent.  An fuser process never
	      kills itself, but may kill other fuser processes.	 The effective user ID of the process executing fuser is set
	      to its real user ID before attempting to kill.

       -i, --interactive
	      Ask the user for confirmation before killing a process.  This option is silently ignored if -k is not  present
	      too.

       -I, --inode
	      For  the	name space file let all comparisons be based on the inodes of the specified file(s) and never on the
	      file names even on network based file systems.

       -l, --list-signals
	      List all known signal names.

       -m NAME, --mount NAME
	      NAME specifies a file on a mounted file system or a block device that is	mounted.   All	processes  accessing
	      files  on	 that  file system are listed.	If a directory is specified, it is automatically changed to NAME/ to
	      use any file system that might be mounted on that directory.

       -M, --ismountpoint
	      Request will be fulfilled only if NAME specifies a mountpoint.  This is an invaluable seat belt which prevents
	      you from killing the machine if NAME happens to not be a filesystem.

       -w     Kill only processes which have write access.  This option is silently ignored if -k is not present too.

       -n NAMESPACE, --namespace NAMESPACE
	      Select a different name space.  The name spaces file (file names, the default), udp (local UDP ports), and tcp
	      (local TCP ports) are supported.	For ports, either the port number or the symbolic name can be specified.  If
	      there is no ambiguity, the shortcut notation name/space (e.g., 80/tcp) can be used.

       -s, --silent
	      Silent operation.	 -u and -v are ignored in this mode.  -a must not be used with -s.

       -SIGNAL
	      Use the specified signal instead of SIGKILL when killing processes.  Signals can be specified either  by	name
	      (e.g., -HUP) or by number (e.g., -1).  This option is silently ignored if the -k option is not used.

       -u, --user
	      Append the user name of the process owner to each PID.

       -v, --verbose
	      Verbose  mode.   Processes  are shown in a ps-like style.	 The fields PID, USER and COMMAND are similar to ps.
	      ACCESS shows how the process accesses the file.  Verbose mode will also show when a particular file  is  being
	      accessed as a mount point, knfs export or swap file.  In this case kernel is shown instead of the PID.

       -V, --version
	      Display version information.

       -4, --ipv4
	      Search only for IPv4 sockets.  This option must not be used with the -6 option and only has an effect with the
	      tcp and udp namespaces.

       -6, --ipv6
	      Search only for IPv6 sockets.  This option must not be used with the -4 option and only has an effect with the
	      tcp and udp namespaces.

FILES
       /proc  location of the proc file system

EXAMPLES
       fuser -km /home
	      kills all processes accessing the file system /home in any way.

       if fuser -s /dev/ttyS1; then :; else command; fi
	      invokes command if no other process is using /dev/ttyS1.

       fuser telnet/tcp
	      shows all processes at the (local) TELNET port.

RESTRICTIONS
       Processes accessing the same file or file system several times in the same way are only shown once.

       If the same object is specified several times on the command line, some of those entries may be ignored.

       fuser  may  only be able to gather partial information unless run with privileges.  As a consequence, files opened by
       processes belonging to other users may not be listed and executables may be classified as mapped only.

       fuser cannot report on any processes that it doesn't have permission to look at the file descriptor table  for.	 The
       most  common  time  this problem occurs is when looking for TCP or UDP sockets when running fuser as a non-root user.
       In this case fuser will report no access.

       Installing fuser SUID root will avoid problems associated with partial information, but may be undesirable for  secu‐
       rity and privacy reasons.

       udp and tcp name spaces, and UNIX domain sockets can't be searched with kernels older than 1.3.78.

       Accesses by the kernel are only shown with the -v option.

       The -k option only works on processes.  If the user is the kernel, fuser will print an advice, but take no action be‐
       yond that.

       fuser  will  not see block devices mounted by processes in a different mount namespace.	This is due to the device ID
       shown in the process' file descriptor table being from the process namespace, not fuser's; meaning it won't match.

BUGS
       fuser -m /dev/sgX will show (or kill with the -k flag) all processes, even if you don't have that device	 configured.
       There may be other devices it does this for too.

       The  mount  -m  option will match any file within the same device as the specified file, use the -M option as well if
       you mean to specify only the mount point.

       fuser will not match mapped files, such as a process' shared libraries if they are on a btrfs(5)	 filesystem  due  to
       the device IDs being different for stat(2) and /proc//maps.

SEE ALSO
       kill(1), killall(1), stat(2), btrfs(5), lsof(8), mount_namespaces(7), pkill(1), ps(1), kill(2).

psmisc							 2022-11-02						    FUSER(1)