Manual: CA.pl
CA.PL(1SSL) OpenSSL CA.PL(1SSL)
NAME
CA.pl - friendlier interface for OpenSSL certificate programs
SYNOPSIS
CA.pl -? | -h | -help
CA.pl -newcert | -newreq | -newreq-nodes | -xsign | -sign | -signCA | -signcert | -crl | -newca [-extra-cmd
parameter]
CA.pl -pkcs12 [certname]
CA.pl -verify certfile ...
CA.pl -revoke certfile [reason]
DESCRIPTION
The CA.pl script is a perl script that supplies the relevant command line arguments to the openssl(1) command for
some common certificate operations. It is intended to simplify the process of certificate creation and management by
the use of some simple options.
The script is intended as a simple front end for the openssl(1) program for use by a beginner. Its behaviour isn't
always what is wanted. For more control over the behaviour of the certificate commands call the openssl(1) command
directly.
Most of the filenames mentioned below can be modified by editing the CA.pl script.
Under some environments it may not be possible to run the CA.pl script directly (for example Win32) and the default
configuration file location may be wrong. In this case the command:
perl -S CA.pl
can be used and the OPENSSL_CONF environment variable can be set to point to the correct path of the configuration
file.
OPTIONS
-?, -h, -help
Prints a usage message.
-newcert
Creates a new self signed certificate. The private key is written to the file newkey.pem and the request written
to the file newreq.pem. Invokes openssl-req(1).
-newreq
Creates a new certificate request. The private key is written to the file newkey.pem and the request written to
the file newreq.pem. Executes openssl-req(1) under the hood.
-newreq-nodes
Is like -newreq except that the private key will not be encrypted. Uses openssl-req(1).
-newca
Creates a new CA hierarchy for use with the ca program (or the -signcert and -xsign options). The user is
prompted to enter the filename of the CA certificates (which should also contain the private key) or by hitting
ENTER details of the CA will be prompted for. The relevant files and directories are created in a directory
called demoCA in the current directory. Uses openssl-req(1) and openssl-ca(1).
If the demoCA directory already exists then the -newca command will not overwrite it and will do nothing. This
can happen if a previous call using the -newca option terminated abnormally. To get the correct behaviour delete
the directory if it already exists.
-pkcs12
Create a PKCS#12 file containing the user certificate, private key and CA certificate. It expects the user
certificate and private key to be in the file newcert.pem and the CA certificate to be in the file
demoCA/cacert.pem, it creates a file newcert.p12. This command can thus be called after the -sign option. The
PKCS#12 file can be imported directly into a browser. If there is an additional argument on the command line it
will be used as the "friendly name" for the certificate (which is typically displayed in the browser list box),
otherwise the name "My Certificate" is used. Delegates work to openssl-pkcs12(1).
-sign, -signcert, -xsign
Calls the openssl-ca(1) command to sign a certificate request. It expects the request to be in the file
newreq.pem. The new certificate is written to the file newcert.pem except in the case of the -xsign option when
it is written to standard output.
-signCA
This option is the same as the -sign option except it uses the configuration file section v3_ca and so makes the
signed request a valid CA certificate. This is useful when creating intermediate CA from a root CA. Extra params
are passed to openssl-ca(1).
-signcert
This option is the same as -sign except it expects a self signed certificate to be present in the file
newreq.pem. Extra params are passed to openssl-x509(1) and openssl-ca(1).
-crl
Generate a CRL. Executes openssl-ca(1).
-revoke certfile [reason]
Revoke the certificate contained in the specified certfile. An optional reason may be specified, and must be one
of: unspecified, keyCompromise, CACompromise, affiliationChanged, superseded, cessationOfOperation,
certificateHold, or removeFromCRL. Leverages openssl-ca(1).
-verify
Verifies certificates against the CA certificate for demoCA. If no certificates are specified on the command line
it tries to verify the file newcert.pem. Invokes openssl-verify(1).
-extra-cmd parameter
For each option extra-cmd, pass parameter to the openssl(1) sub-command with the same name as cmd, if that sub-
command is invoked. For example, if openssl-req(1) is invoked, the parameter given with -extra-req will be
passed to it. For multi-word parameters, either repeat the option or quote the parameters so it looks like one
word to your shell. See the individual command documentation for more information.
EXAMPLES
Create a CA hierarchy:
CA.pl -newca
Complete certificate creation example: create a CA, create a request, sign the request and finally create a PKCS#12
file containing it.
CA.pl -newca
CA.pl -newreq
CA.pl -sign
CA.pl -pkcs12 "My Test Certificate"
ENVIRONMENT
The environment variable OPENSSL may be used to specify the name of the OpenSSL program. It can be a full pathname,
or a relative one.
The environment variable OPENSSL_CONFIG may be used to specify a configuration option and value to the req and ca
commands invoked by this script. It's value should be the option and pathname, as in "-config /path/to/conf-file".
SEE ALSO
openssl(1), openssl-x509(1), openssl-ca(1), openssl-req(1), openssl-pkcs12(1), config(5)
COPYRIGHT
Copyright 2000-2025 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License 2.0 (the "License"). You may not use this file except in compliance with the
License. You can obtain a copy in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
.
3.5.5 2026-01-27 CA.PL(1SSL)